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Read scales and units, distinguish graphical forms, and choose completions justified by the displayed observations.
Paper packet. Every task here also exists on screen, where it is checked automatically; answers written on paper are not assessed by Nydus. When you are back at a device, enter your answers there.
Read scales and units, distinguish graphical forms, and choose completions justified by the displayed observations.
Read conditional statements precisely and keep ratios, percentages and units distinct. A fraction compares a part with a named whole; an implication states a relationship rather than its converse. Before combining quantities, check that they refer to the same population and time period. If an arithmetic operation is uncertain, use the linked mathematics lesson to repair it before adding a timer. The purpose of this lesson is to decide what follows from supplied information, not to test outside knowledge of the scenario.
| Term | What it means |
|---|---|
| Coordinate | A value locating an observation on a quantitative axis. |
| Relative change | Change divided by the original value. |
| Extrapolation | Extending a relationship beyond the observed range. |
A graphic encodes quantities through position, length, area or angle. Determine which encoding is being used before reading an apparent pattern. In a bar chart, bar length represents a count or amount. In a line chart, points correspond to successive observations and connecting lines help show change. In a scatter plot, each point pairs two quantitative variables. In a pie chart, sectors partition one total. A large-looking mark can mislead if the axis begins above zero, uses uneven intervals, or measures a different unit from the question.
Read the title, axis labels, tick values, legend and accompanying text as one source. A graph labeled revenue in thousands is not reporting individual currency units. A percentage-change question needs the starting value as its denominator; a percentage-of-total question needs the whole total. A point's vertical coordinate is not its change from the previous point. A sector's count is not automatically its percentage. Say which relationship the requested blank represents before choosing a dropdown option.
Graphics Interpretation often asks for two completions about one visual. The options can reveal whether an approximation is enough, but they should not replace reading the graphic. Find the evidence for each blank separately and then read both completed statements together. A correct first blank cannot compensate for an incorrect second one. Our graphics include a text table of the same values for accessibility and checking; that alternative preserves the information rather than adding an answer explanation.
Another way: steps
Read scales and units, distinguish graphical forms, and choose completions justified by the displayed observations.
If a count rises from forty to fifty, its absolute increase is ten and its percentage increase is 10/40=25 percent. A return from fifty to forty is a decrease of 10/50=20 percent. Equal absolute changes need not be equal percentage changes. When comparing several intervals, calculate each change against its own starting value. On a line chart, a steep segment can reflect a large change per horizontal unit, but uneven time intervals alter that interpretation. Check whether the horizontal labels represent equally spaced dates before using visual steepness as a rate. Keep approximate readings separate from exact labels supplied in the question.
A pie represents one whole: adding its sector counts gives the denominator for any sector percentage. Two sectors together may account for half even though neither alone does. A bar chart need not partition a whole if categories overlap; accompanying definitions decide whether summing them is meaningful. To find a median from plotted category counts, sort the counts numerically, not the category names. For four values, average the middle pair. To find the range, subtract the smallest count from the largest. The graphic's most visually prominent feature may not be the statistic requested, so identify the operation in words before using the display.
A scatter plot can show that larger x values tend to accompany larger y values. That pattern does not by itself prove x causes y. A third variable or selection process may explain it. Estimating between observed points is interpolation; extending beyond the observed range is extrapolation and requires stronger assumptions. A connecting line is not a promise that every intermediate value was measured. If a question asks only which displayed point has the greatest value, do not import a trend model. If it explicitly supplies a model, distinguish predictions from observations and use the model only for the requested calculation.
A truncated vertical scale can make small changes appear dramatic. A logarithmic scale represents multiplicative rather than additive differences, so equal visual gaps do not represent equal raw increases. A second axis can use a different unit entirely. These are reasons to read labels, not reasons to distrust every graph. When the supplied values are exact, carry exact arithmetic until the final requested rounding. When values must be estimated from a graphic, choose an option consistent with the display's resolution rather than inventing extra decimal precision. An answer stated as an interval may require only locating a value between neighboring ticks.
A frequency chart counts observations in categories or intervals. A density curve instead represents probability through area over an interval; its height at one point is not that point's probability. A symmetric bell-shaped curve can support equal-tail comparisons when symmetry is given, but a roughly bell-shaped drawing alone does not justify importing exact percentages. If the text explicitly states that sixty-eight percent of observations lie between ninety and one hundred ten in a distribution symmetric about one hundred, the remaining thirty-two percent lies outside that interval. Equal tails then place sixteen percent above one hundred ten and sixteen percent below ninety.
Notice which facts did the work: the stated central percentage, the interval centered on the stated symmetry point, and symmetry itself. The curve's color and apparent height did not determine the numerical percentage. If the interval were not centered, the two tail shares need not be equal. If the graphic supplied only a histogram with unequal bin widths, count depends on how the vertical measure is defined; area and height are no longer interchangeable. Before a calculation, state whether the graphic encodes a count, a relative frequency, a cumulative total or a density. That sentence prevents a large class of otherwise plausible mistakes.
Suppose an operations report shows monthly counts and labels a rise as dramatic. First recover the actual starting and ending values; a narrowed vertical axis can magnify their visual difference. Calculate both absolute and relative change if the claim compares growth rates. Then check whether the categories and reporting period remained the same. A change in the definition of a completed case could alter the series without a comparable change in underlying work.
In a timed question, spend the first few seconds identifying the graph type and units, then read the blanks to choose the needed calculation. Use the Data Insights calculator for awkward arithmetic after the relationship is set up. Before submitting, reread the finished statements and compare their direction and magnitude with the graphic. In review, classify an error as reading the wrong coordinate, using the wrong base, confusing a total with a rate, or drawing a stronger inference than the data support. Try a different graphic form next so that the method survives a change in presentation.
Do not infer a result from an attractive label or the order of displayed alternatives. A complete answer must preserve every stated restriction and the scope of the requested conclusion. When a tempting response is wrong, identify the exact missing dependency or violated condition; merely saying that it feels too strong does not explain the error.
Read the target and its restrictions
The graphic shows deliveries in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Deliveries: Deliveries: dataset 1: A=20, B=30, C=40, D=30
Read scales and units, distinguish graphical forms, and choose completions justified by the displayed observations.
Derive the deciding relationship
C is 40, greater than 20 and 30. 40-20=20.
C is 40, greater than 20 and 30. 40-20=20.
Compare competing responses
C is 40, greater than 20 and 30. C is 40, greater than 20 and 30. C is 40, greater than 20 and 30. 40-20=20. 40-20=20.
C is 40, greater than 20 and 30. 40-20=20.
Select and verify the complete response
The largest count occurs at: C; The difference between the greatest and least counts is: 20
C is 40, greater than 20 and 30. 40-20=20.
Read the target and its restrictions
The graphic shows support tickets in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Support tickets: Support tickets: dataset 1: A=23, B=33, C=43, D=33
Read scales and units, distinguish graphical forms, and choose completions justified by the displayed observations.
Derive the deciding relationship
C is 43, greater than 23 and 33. 43-23=20.
C is 43, greater than 23 and 33. 43-23=20.
Check the information boundary
Read change with the right base
If a count rises from forty to fifty, its absolute increase is ten and its percentage increase is 10/40=25 percent. A return from fifty to forty is a decrease of 10/50=20 percent. Equal absolute changes need not be equal percentage changes. When comparing several intervals, calculate each change against its own starting value. On a line chart, a steep segment can reflect a large change per horizontal unit, but uneven time intervals alter that interpretation. Check whether the horizontal labels represent equally spaced dates before using visual steepness as a rate. Keep approximate readings separate from exact labels supplied in the question.
Compare competing responses
C is 43, greater than 23 and 33. C is 43, greater than 23 and 33. C is 43, greater than 23 and 33. 43-23=20. 43-23=20.
C is 43, greater than 23 and 33. 43-23=20.
Select and verify the complete response
The largest count occurs at: C; The difference between the greatest and least counts is: 20
C is 43, greater than 23 and 33. 43-23=20.
Read the target and its restrictions
The graphic shows warehouse picks in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Warehouse picks: Warehouse picks: dataset 1: A=28, B=38, C=48, D=38
Read scales and units, distinguish graphical forms, and choose completions justified by the displayed observations.
Derive the deciding relationship
The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38.
The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38.
Check the information boundary
Compare totals, parts and central values
A pie represents one whole: adding its sector counts gives the denominator for any sector percentage. Two sectors together may account for half even though neither alone does. A bar chart need not partition a whole if categories overlap; accompanying definitions decide whether summing them is meaningful. To find a median from plotted category counts, sort the counts numerically, not the category names. For four values, average the middle pair. To find the range, subtract the smallest count from the largest. The graphic's most visually prominent feature may not be the statistic requested, so identify the operation in words before using the display.
Compare competing responses
The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38.
The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38.
Select and verify the complete response
Of the total count, B and D together account for: one half; The median of the four counts is: 38
The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38.
Verify the target under the original conditions
Of the total count, B and D together account for: one half; The median of the four counts is: 38
Read scales and units, distinguish graphical forms, and choose completions justified by the displayed observations. The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38.
Read the target and its restrictions
The graphic shows warehouse picks in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Warehouse picks: Warehouse picks: dataset 1: A=28, B=38, C=48, D=38
Read scales and units, distinguish graphical forms, and choose completions justified by the displayed observations.
Derive the deciding relationship
The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38.
The total is 152; B+D=76, exactly half. Sorted values are 28,38,38,48; the central pair gives 38.
Check the information boundary
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Deliveries: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 20 |
| B | 30 |
| C | 40 |
| D | 30 |
The graphic shows deliveries in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Repair orders: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 21 |
| B | 31 |
| C | 41 |
| D | 31 |
The graphic shows repair orders in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Support tickets: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 23 |
| B | 33 |
| C | 43 |
| D | 33 |
The graphic shows support tickets in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Training seats: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 24 |
| B | 34 |
| C | 44 |
| D | 34 |
The graphic shows training seats in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Parts inspected: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 25 |
| B | 35 |
| C | 45 |
| D | 35 |
The graphic shows parts inspected in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Subscriptions: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 1 | 26 |
| B | 2 | 36 |
| C | 3 | 46 |
| D | 4 | 36 |
The graphic shows subscriptions in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Appointments: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 27 |
| B | 37 |
| C | 47 |
| D | 37 |
The graphic shows appointments in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Warehouse picks: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 28 |
| B | 38 |
| C | 48 |
| D | 38 |
The graphic shows warehouse picks in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Symmetric density curve (schematic). Measurement; Relative density, not probability. Values from the graphic:
| 70 | 1 |
| 80 | 4 |
| 90 | 7 |
| 100 | 10 |
| 110 | 7 |
| 120 | 4 |
| 130 | 1 |
Reservations, distribution 1: a continuous distribution is symmetric about 100. Exactly 68 percent of observations lie between 90 and 110. The curve is schematic; use the stated percentage, not its apparent height.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Deliveries: dataset 2. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 23 |
| B | 33 |
| C | 43 |
| D | 33 |
The graphic shows deliveries in four categories, dataset 2. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Library loans: dataset 1. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 1 | 22 |
| B | 2 | 32 |
| C | 3 | 42 |
| D | 4 | 32 |
The graphic shows library loans in four categories, dataset 1. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer three reserved questions without hints. These cases are separate from lesson practice.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Library loans: dataset 2. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 1 | 25 |
| B | 2 | 35 |
| C | 3 | 45 |
| D | 4 | 35 |
The graphic shows library loans in four categories, dataset 2. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Support tickets: dataset 2. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 26 |
| B | 36 |
| C | 46 |
| D | 36 |
The graphic shows support tickets in four categories, dataset 2. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
Answer every part using the supplied sources. All parts must be correct.
Repair orders: dataset 2. Period (or category for a pie); Count. Values from the graphic:
| A | 24 |
| B | 34 |
| C | 44 |
| D | 34 |
The graphic shows repair orders in four categories, dataset 2. Counts are exact; use only these observations. A connected line describes successive periods; it does not establish a cause.
After a study gap, recover the method without notes, then solve a different case. Identify the exact condition that decides the answer before comparing feedback.
15. Complete the final evidence check, step 3
Compare totals, parts and central values
A pie represents one whole: adding its sector counts gives the denominator for any sector percentage. Two sectors together may account for half even though neither alone does. A bar chart need not partition a whole if categories overlap; accompanying definitions decide whether summing them is meaningful. To find a median from plotted category counts, sort the counts numerically, not the category names. For four values, average the middle pair. To find the range, subtract the smallest count from the largest. The graphic's most visually prominent feature may not be the statistic requested, so identify the operation in words before using the display.