Read across disciplines: passage pair 4

Read across disciplines: passage pair 4: original cases with explanations after your first response.

Paper packet. Every task here also exists on screen, where it is checked automatically; answers written on paper are not assessed by Nydus. When you are back at a device, enter your answers there.

1. What you will learn

Choose a method from the question's conditions before opening feedback. Work without notes first, then explain which restriction or evidence determined your answer. These are original instructional questions, not an adaptive test or a predictor of an official score.

2. Practice

Read the shared passage and answer every question. Each question is graded separately; select-all questions require the exact set.

A philosopher argues that an explanation can be useful without describing every detail of its subject. A subway map distorts distances but preserves connections, helping passengers plan routes. Its omissions serve that purpose. This does not mean that inaccuracies are always harmless: the same map would be poor evidence for the length of a walk between stations. The adequacy of a representation therefore depends partly on the question for which it is used. A demand for maximum detail in every representation can obscure rather than improve its practical value.

Which statement best expresses the passage's main point?

A representation's adequacy depends on its purpose, so selective omission need not be a defect.
Subway maps accurately reproduce all physical distances.
Any inaccurate representation is adequate for every purpose.
Detailed information always makes route planning impossible.
Walking routes can be measured reliably from every transit diagram.

Which conclusion is best supported by the passage?

A map useful for choosing connections may be unsuitable for estimating walking distance.
The author rejects all standards of accuracy.
Subway maps omit station connections.
Practical value requires the greatest possible detail.
Every omission makes a representation better.

Select all statements supported by the passage.

The example map preserves connections.
The map distorts distances.
The author treats all inaccuracies as harmless.

3. Practice

Read the shared passage and answer every question. Each question is graded separately; select-all questions require the exact set.

Researchers found that employees who attended an optional planning workshop completed more projects than nonattendees. The company proposed making the workshop compulsory. However, people who volunteer for such sessions may already differ in motivation or workload. To evaluate the workshop itself, the researchers randomly assigned invitations among eligible employees and compared outcomes across the invited and uninvited groups. Not everyone invited attended, so the comparison estimates the effect of offering access under those conditions rather than automatically identifying the effect of attendance on every worker.

Which statement best expresses the passage's main point?

Random invitation improves the comparison but its result must be interpreted as an effect of offering access.
Voluntary attendance already proves the workshop caused higher output.
Random invitations ensure every invited employee attends.
Compulsory attendance and optional access necessarily have identical effects.
Project completion is impossible to compare between groups.

Which conclusion is best supported by the passage?

A claim about universal compulsory attendance would require assumptions beyond the invitation comparison.
Every nonattendee lacked motivation.
Invitations were assigned according to productivity.
The researchers measured no employee outcomes.
The experiment proves attendance has no effect.

Select all statements supported by the passage.

The initial comparison involved voluntary attendance.
Some invited employees did not attend.
Invitations were randomly assigned among eligible employees.

4. What you can do now

Classify each error as interpretation, method, execution or response format. Revisit the relevant worked lesson, then retry after a study gap. A remembered item is review, not fresh assessment evidence.